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Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo
Maria de Lourdes Ruivo da Silva de Matos Pintasilgo, GCIH GCC ((:mɐˈɾiɐ dɨ ˈluɾdɨʃ pĩtɐˈsiɫɡu)); (Abrantes, São João Baptista, 18 January 1930 – Lisbon, 10 July 2004) was a Portuguese chemical engineer and politician. She was the first and to date only woman to serve as Prime Minister of Portugal, and the third woman to serve as Prime Minister in Europe, after Savka Dabčević-Kučar and Margaret Thatcher.
== Early life ==
Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo was born to a middle-class family in 1930.〔"Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo", p. 32, ''The Times (London)'', 15 July 2004〕 Her father, Jaime de Matos Pintasilgo (born Covilhã, Conceição, 9 December 1896 – died Lisbon, Socorro, 10 October 1959) was in the wool business, and her mother was Amélia do Carmo Ruivo da Silva, a native of Vendas Novas. Her parents married in Abrantes on 14 March 1929.〔O'Shaughnessy, Hugh, "Obituary: Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo; Europe's Second Female Prime Minister", p. 34. ''The Independent (London)'', 14 July 2004〕
Her father, Jaime, abandoned the family and at school she tried hard to hide that, thus causing her to avoid usual relationships.〔Cook,Stephen and Stuart Wavell: "Thursday People: Lisbon's laby in waiting/ Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, Portuguese presidential candidate", ''The Guardian (London)'', 2 January 1986〕 At the age of seven, she was sent to the Liceu Filipa de Lencastre, a secondary school, in Lisbon. She distinguished herself in the Mocidade Portuguesa, a militaristic youth movement founded by Dictator Salazar. Later she joined Acção Católica (Catholic Action). During her years at the Instituto Superior Técnico from where she earned a degree in industrial chemical engineering, she joined and eventually led the Catholic's women's student movement.〔
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